Bridging Biology and Society: Molecular Insights into Social Determinants of Vascular Disease

Background: Vascular diseases (VDs)-such as arterial aneurysms, chronic venous disease, and peripheral artery disease-are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, biological, and social factors. Integrating the assessment of both molecular and social determinants offers a novel framework that connects factors like socioeconomic status, chronic stress, and environmental exposures to the molecular pathways that drive vascular pathophysiology. Methods: This review was conducted searching libraries such as Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. The aim was to facilitate the analytical integration of studies that highlight the relationship between SDHs and VDs under a biomolecular lens. Results: This review explores how adverse social conditions can initiate inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetic modifications, and dysregulation of biomarkers such as matrix metalloproteinases, thereby contributing to vascular degeneration and dysfunction. These mechanisms demonstrate how social experiences become biologically embedded, increasing susceptibility to structural vascular changes and impaired circulation. Conclusions: By bridging insights from molecular biology and social science, this approach provides a valuable paradigm for addressing health disparities and advancing prevention and treatment strategies for common vascular diseases.