Innovative vesicles for dermal and transdermal drug delivery

The transdermal route of administration was focused for its advantages respect to the oral route of administration. Several innovative technological approaches have been proposed to enhance dermal and transdermal drug delivery. In particular, the first class of nanocarrier proposed for the topical administration of drugs was the liposomes. Liposomes have been successfully used in enhancing topical efficacy of a number of natural, synthetic drugs and proteins, by modifying their local skin penetration ability and biodistribution. Due to their rigid structure, liposomes seem to do not act as true carrier but only as penetration enhancer agents, therefore, they should be employed especially in the local treatment of superficial skin disorders. For this reason the liposomes has been modified to improve the drug penetration in the deeper skin layers and subcutaneous tissue.