As observed by Ghigi (2019), gender is a social construct that culturally elaborates biological data, transmitting differentiated meanings, expectations, and behaviors for men and women. More precisely, gender refers to the complex web of social norms and expectations that, within a specific culture, define and regulate the distinction between the feminine and the masculine (Ricucci & Sannella, 2024). Furthermore, Rinaldi (2015) describes gender as a hierarchical relationship in which the masculine is predominant and the feminine is subordinated. This hierarchy is reflected in social structures and occupational contexts, perpetuating gender inequalities and limiting individual freedom. While gender connotations vary across cultures (Bagnasco, Barbagli & Cavalli, 2012), the naturalization of care work as a female function remains a common phenomenon in many societies. In Italy, this dynamic is clearly visible in the social work sector, where female presence dominates both numerically and culturally. Gender stereotypes represent a set of socially shared knowledge regarding the characteristics, attributes, roles, and activities assigned to men and women; they specify expected behaviors based on gender identity and shape social, economic, and cultural dynamics. Tracing the distinction between sex and gender, the meanings culturally attributed to the sexes concern the definition, representation, and encouragement of behaviors deemed appropriate for men and women in various social contexts (Piccone & Saraceno, 1996). In the labor market, gender stereotypes act as a shaping force, fostering a marked gender segregation in numerous occupations. Among these, social work is historically perceived as a female profession, as it is strictly associated with care and assistance activities. This link between gender and social work is rooted in cultural norms that attribute a greater "natural predisposition" for care to women, fueling inequalities both in the value ascribed to this profession and in the opportunities for access and advancement for men and women. The objective of this paper is to analyze how gender stereotypes have influenced the social work profession in Italy, with particular attention to gender composition, the challenges faced by professionals, and potential strategies to promote greater gender equality and equity within the field.
II genere, come osserva Ghigi (2019), è una costruzione sociale che elabora culturalmente il dato biologico, trasmettendo significati, aspettative e comportamenti differenziati per uomini e donne. Più precisamente, il genere si riferisce al complesso di norme e aspettative sociali che, in una specifica cultura. definiscono e regolano la distinzione tra il femminile e il maschile (Ricucci R. & Sannella A., 2024). Rinaldi (2015) descrive il genere come una relazione gerarchica e in cui il maschile è predominante e il femminile subordinato. Questa gerarchia si riflette nelle strutture sociali e nei contesti lavorativi, perpetuando le disuguaglianze di genere e limitando la libertà individuale. Le connotazioni di genere variano culturalmente (Bagnasco A. , Barbagli M. & Cavalli A. , 2012), ma la naturalizzazione del lavoro di cura come una funzione femminile è un fenomeno comune a molte società. In Italia, questa dinamica si manifesta chiaramente nel settore del servizio sociale, dove la presenza femminile domina sia numericamente che culturalmente. Gli stereotipi di genere rappresentano un insieme di conoscenze socialmente condivise che riguardano caratteristiche, attributi, ruoli e attività attribuiti agli uomini e alle donne. Essi specificano i comportamenti attesi in base all'identità di genere e modellano le dinamiche sociali, economiche e culturali. Ripercorrendo la distinzione tra sesso e genere, i significati culturalmente attribuiti ai sessi riguardano la definizione, la rappresentazione e l'incentivazione di comportamenti ritenuti appropriati per uomini e donne nei diversi contesti sociali (Piccone S. & Saraceno C., 1996). Nel mercato del lavoro, gli stereotipi di genere agiscono come forza modellante, favorendo una marcata segregazione di genere in numerose pmfessioni. Tra queste, il servizio sociale è storicamente percepito come un'occupazione femminile, poiché associato alle attività di cura e assistenza. Questo legame tra genere e lavoro sociale è radicato in norme culturali che attribuiscono alle donne una maggiore "predisposizione naturale" alla cura, alimentando diseguaglianze sia nel valore attribuito a questa professione sia nelle opportunità di accesso e avanzamento per uomini e donne_ L'obiettivo di questo contributo è analizzare come gli stereotipi di genere abbiano influenzato la professione di assistente sociale in Italia, con particolare attenzione alla composizione di genere, alle sfide affrontate dai professionisti e alle possibili strategie per promuovere una maggiore inclusività
Asimmetrie di genere nel lavoro sociale
Fasciani Chiara
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2024-01-01
Abstract
As observed by Ghigi (2019), gender is a social construct that culturally elaborates biological data, transmitting differentiated meanings, expectations, and behaviors for men and women. More precisely, gender refers to the complex web of social norms and expectations that, within a specific culture, define and regulate the distinction between the feminine and the masculine (Ricucci & Sannella, 2024). Furthermore, Rinaldi (2015) describes gender as a hierarchical relationship in which the masculine is predominant and the feminine is subordinated. This hierarchy is reflected in social structures and occupational contexts, perpetuating gender inequalities and limiting individual freedom. While gender connotations vary across cultures (Bagnasco, Barbagli & Cavalli, 2012), the naturalization of care work as a female function remains a common phenomenon in many societies. In Italy, this dynamic is clearly visible in the social work sector, where female presence dominates both numerically and culturally. Gender stereotypes represent a set of socially shared knowledge regarding the characteristics, attributes, roles, and activities assigned to men and women; they specify expected behaviors based on gender identity and shape social, economic, and cultural dynamics. Tracing the distinction between sex and gender, the meanings culturally attributed to the sexes concern the definition, representation, and encouragement of behaviors deemed appropriate for men and women in various social contexts (Piccone & Saraceno, 1996). In the labor market, gender stereotypes act as a shaping force, fostering a marked gender segregation in numerous occupations. Among these, social work is historically perceived as a female profession, as it is strictly associated with care and assistance activities. This link between gender and social work is rooted in cultural norms that attribute a greater "natural predisposition" for care to women, fueling inequalities both in the value ascribed to this profession and in the opportunities for access and advancement for men and women. The objective of this paper is to analyze how gender stereotypes have influenced the social work profession in Italy, with particular attention to gender composition, the challenges faced by professionals, and potential strategies to promote greater gender equality and equity within the field.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


