The chapter analyzes, from a diachronic perspective, the role of trade with the Levant in the port industries of Genoa, Livorno, and Venice in the 16th and 17th centuries. An historical period in which the international trade system underwent substantial changes. From the expansion of the Atlantic routes to the official claim by the United Provinces and English, to the Italian Mariner crisis and the gradual advance of Nordic fleets along the Western Mediterranean routes. The Atlantic ships had an increasing influence on Genoa’s port industry. It was, however, Livorno who gained the most advantage from the presence of Dutch and English merchant ships along routes which met at Alexandretta in San Giovanni of Acre, at Constantinople, and most of all, at Smyrna. If Genoa’s businesses remained decisively aimed towards the Iberian Peninsula and the Italian ports, the businesses with the Levant were important for Livorno’s port and its ties to the Eastner Mediterranean, which intensified with the advancing of the 17th century. Thanks to the portal structures, its customs regulations, its geographical location, Livorno was able to establish its position as a stopover in the network of important trades between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. Despite the constant growth of the Tuscan port, it was however the Republic of San Marco to gain most of the imports from Ottoman countries. Venice, as opposed to Livorno, was not only a great emporium, a place of intermediation exchanges. By the 17th century, it was still an active industrial center capable of providing its own trade network. Through this exchange system, the Levant regions surely had an important position because they were able to supply large amounts of raw materials necessary for the town manufacturers and the Venetian mainland.
Il capitolo esamina, in prospettiva diacronica, il ruolo svolto dai traffici con il Levante nell’attività dei porti di Genova, Livorno e Venezia nei secoli XVI e XVII, in un periodo storico in cui il sistema degli scambi internazionali subì importanti mutamenti, in seguito all’espansione delle rotte atlantiche, all’affermazione definitiva delle Province Unite e dell’Inghilterra, alla crisi delle marinerie italiane e alla progressiva avanzata delle flotte nordiche lungo le rotte del Mediterraneo orientale. Le navi atlantiche ebbero un’importanza crescente nel movimento del porto di Genova, fu comunque Livorno a trarre i maggiori vantaggi dalla presenza dei mercantili olandesi e inglesi lungo le rotte che conducevano ad Alessandretta, a San Giovanni d’Acri, a Costantinopoli e, soprattutto, a Smirne. Se i commerci di Genova rimasero sempre decisamente orientati verso la Penisola iberica e i porti italiani, i commerci con il Levante furono importanti per il porto di Livorno e i suoi legami con il Mediterraneo orientale si intensificarono con l’avanzare del XVII secolo. Grazie alle sue strutture portuali, ai suoi regolamenti doganali, alla posizione geografica, Livorno riuscì a consolidare la sua funzione di scalo intermedio nella rete dei grandi traffici tra il Mediterraneo e l’Atlantico. Nonostante la costante crescita del porto toscano, era comunque la Repubblica di San Marco ad attrare le maggiori importazioni dai paesi ottomani. Venezia, a differenza di Livorno, non era soltanto un grande emporio, un luogo cioè di intermediazione degli scambi, era, ancora nel XVII secolo, un attivo centro industriale, in grado di alimentare una propria rete di commerci e, in questo sistema di scambi, le regioni del Levante ebbero sicuramente una funzione importante, perché erano in grado di fornire molte materie prime necessarie alle manifatture cittadine e della Terraferma veneta.
North Italian Ports and the Levant in the 16th and 17th Centuries
Ghezzi R
2019-01-01
Abstract
The chapter analyzes, from a diachronic perspective, the role of trade with the Levant in the port industries of Genoa, Livorno, and Venice in the 16th and 17th centuries. An historical period in which the international trade system underwent substantial changes. From the expansion of the Atlantic routes to the official claim by the United Provinces and English, to the Italian Mariner crisis and the gradual advance of Nordic fleets along the Western Mediterranean routes. The Atlantic ships had an increasing influence on Genoa’s port industry. It was, however, Livorno who gained the most advantage from the presence of Dutch and English merchant ships along routes which met at Alexandretta in San Giovanni of Acre, at Constantinople, and most of all, at Smyrna. If Genoa’s businesses remained decisively aimed towards the Iberian Peninsula and the Italian ports, the businesses with the Levant were important for Livorno’s port and its ties to the Eastner Mediterranean, which intensified with the advancing of the 17th century. Thanks to the portal structures, its customs regulations, its geographical location, Livorno was able to establish its position as a stopover in the network of important trades between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. Despite the constant growth of the Tuscan port, it was however the Republic of San Marco to gain most of the imports from Ottoman countries. Venice, as opposed to Livorno, was not only a great emporium, a place of intermediation exchanges. By the 17th century, it was still an active industrial center capable of providing its own trade network. Through this exchange system, the Levant regions surely had an important position because they were able to supply large amounts of raw materials necessary for the town manufacturers and the Venetian mainland.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.