Direct inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase by IBtk, a Btk-binding protein

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is required for human and mouse B cell development. Btk deficiency causes X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency in mice. Unlike Src proteins, Btk lacks a negative regulatory domain at the COOH terminus and may rely on cytoplasmic Btk-binding proteins to regulates its kinase activity by trans-inhibitor mechanisms. Consistent with this possibility, 1Btk, which we identified as an inhibitor of Btk, bound to the PH domain of Btk. 1Btk downregulated Btk kinase activity, Btk-mediated calcium mobilization and nuclear factor-κB-driven transcription. These results define a potential mechanism for the regulation of Btk function in B cells.