Up-regulation of the IL-12 recepto β2 chain in Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder characterized by aberrant mucosal Th1 cell activation and production of IL-12, the major Th1-driving factor. The T cell response to IL-12 is dependent on the expression of a specific receptor composed of two subunits, termed IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12Rβ2. The content of IL-12Rβ2, as measured at the mRNA level, is crucial in regulating Th1 differentiation. In this study we therefore investigated IL-12Rβ2 RNA transcripts in CD. IL-12Rβ2 expression was increased in active CD as well as Helicobacter pylori (HP)-associated gastritis and Salmonella colitis compared with that in inactive CD, ulcerative colitis, noninflammatory controls, and celiac disease. In contrast, IL-12Rβ1 transcripts were expressed at comparable levels in all samples. In CD, IL-12Rβ2 expression strictly correlated with tyrosine phospborylation of STAT4, a key component of the IL-12-dependent Th1 polarization. This was associated with a pronounced expression of IFN-γ. Transcripts for IL-12/p40 were detected in CD, HP-positive, and Salmonella colitis patients, but not in celiac disease, indicating that IL-12Rβ2 up-regulation occurs only in IL-12-associated Th1 gastrointestinal diseases. Finally, we showed that stimulation of lamina propria mononuclear cells with IL-12 enhanced IL-12Rβ2, suggesting that IL-12 regulates IL-12Rβ2 expression in human gastrointestinal mucosa. The data show that the signaling pathway used by IL-12 to induce Th1 differentiation is increased at the site of disease in CD, further supporting the view that IL-12/IL-12R signals contribute to the inflammatory response in this condition.