Gram-negative bacterial infection predisposes to the development of shock and acute lung injury with multiple organ dysfunction in the critically ill. Although overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and other mediators is causally implicated in the pathogenesis of shock and lung injury, the underlying mechanisms following cellular exposure to gram-negative endotoxin remain unclear. De novo generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by monocytes/macrophages in particular has been proposed as a pivotal regulatory mechanism by which enhanced transactivation of redox-sensitive genes culminates in augmented cytokine expression within the lower respiratory tract. Here we sought to characterize the mechanism of action of a synthetic, nonpeptide, low-molecular-weight, Mn-containing superoxide dismutase mimetic (SODm), M40403, in modulating E. coli lipopolysaccharide serotype 0111:B4 (LPS)-induced cytokine production by cultured rat alveolar macrophages. Intracellular superoxide (O2.-) ion generation was measured using hydroethidine (HE) dye, and the dose-dependent effects of M40403 on TNF-α and IL-6 biosynthesis by ELISAs. Upstream redox-sensitive signaling events involving the pleiotropic transcription factor NF-κB were determined in nuclear extracts by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and p65 subunit Western blot. The levels of the cytosolic inhibitory protein IκB-α were also assessed by Western analysis. We found that M40403 potently suppressed the production of superoxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages, suggesting a key role for superoxide in endotoxin-induced cytokine production in the distal air spaces. In addition, M40403 decreased E. coli LPS-induced activation of NF-κB, and this effect was associated with modest suppression of cytoplasmic IκB-α degradation. Together, these results suggest that removal of superoxide by M40403 inhibits endotoxin-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6 in alveolar macrophages by a mechanism involving suppression of redox-sensitive NF-κB transactivation or signaling.

Superoxide potentiates NF-κB activation and modulates endotoxin-induced cytokine production in alveolar macrophages

Muscoli C.;
2005-01-01

Abstract

Gram-negative bacterial infection predisposes to the development of shock and acute lung injury with multiple organ dysfunction in the critically ill. Although overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and other mediators is causally implicated in the pathogenesis of shock and lung injury, the underlying mechanisms following cellular exposure to gram-negative endotoxin remain unclear. De novo generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by monocytes/macrophages in particular has been proposed as a pivotal regulatory mechanism by which enhanced transactivation of redox-sensitive genes culminates in augmented cytokine expression within the lower respiratory tract. Here we sought to characterize the mechanism of action of a synthetic, nonpeptide, low-molecular-weight, Mn-containing superoxide dismutase mimetic (SODm), M40403, in modulating E. coli lipopolysaccharide serotype 0111:B4 (LPS)-induced cytokine production by cultured rat alveolar macrophages. Intracellular superoxide (O2.-) ion generation was measured using hydroethidine (HE) dye, and the dose-dependent effects of M40403 on TNF-α and IL-6 biosynthesis by ELISAs. Upstream redox-sensitive signaling events involving the pleiotropic transcription factor NF-κB were determined in nuclear extracts by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and p65 subunit Western blot. The levels of the cytosolic inhibitory protein IκB-α were also assessed by Western analysis. We found that M40403 potently suppressed the production of superoxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages, suggesting a key role for superoxide in endotoxin-induced cytokine production in the distal air spaces. In addition, M40403 decreased E. coli LPS-induced activation of NF-κB, and this effect was associated with modest suppression of cytoplasmic IκB-α degradation. Together, these results suggest that removal of superoxide by M40403 inhibits endotoxin-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6 in alveolar macrophages by a mechanism involving suppression of redox-sensitive NF-κB transactivation or signaling.
2005
Acute lung injury
ARDS
Interleukin-6
SODm
TNF-α
Animals
Blotting, Western
Cell Nucleus
Coloring Agents
Cytokines
Cytoplasm
Endotoxins
Enzyme Activation
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Escherichia coli
I-kappa B Proteins
Immunoblotting
Inflammation
Interleukin-1
Interleukin-6
Interleukin-8
Lipopolysaccharides
Macrophages
Macrophages, Alveolar
Manganese
Models, Biological
NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
NF-kappa B
Organometallic Compounds
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxygen
Phenanthridines
Rats
Reactive Oxygen Species
Signal Transduction
Superoxide Dismutase
Superoxides
Time Factors
Transcription Factor RelA
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12317/63901
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