The role of gut microbiota in health and disease is being thoroughly examined in various contexts, with a specific focus on the bacterial fraction due to its significant abundance. However, despite their lower abundance, viruses within the gut microbiota are gaining recognition for their crucial role in shaping the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota, with significant effects on the host as a whole, particularly the immune system. Similarly, environmental factors such as stress are key in modulating the host immune system, which in turn influences the composition of the gut virome and neurological functions through the bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis. In this context, alterations in the host immune system due to stress and/or dysbiosis of the gut virome are critical factors in the development of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. The molecular mechanisms and correlation patterns between microbial species are not yet fully understood. This literature review seeks to explore the interconnected relationship between stress and the gut virome, with a focus on how this interaction is influenced by the host's immune system. We also discuss how disturbances in this finely balanced system can lead to the onset and/or progression of diseases.Stress conditions can weaken the host's immune system, affecting the entire gut-brain axis. Concurrently, disruptions in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with exacerbations of diseases. This review explores the complex interplay between stress, gut virome, and the host immune system. It highlights how stress-induced immune system alterations and gut virome dysbiosis contribute to both infectious and noninfectious diseases. The article further discusses the need for more research to fully understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and microbial correlations.image

The effects of stress on gut virome: Implications on infectious disease and systemic disorders

Tilocca, Bruno
;
Spagnuolo, Rocco;Abenavoli, Ludovico;Luzza, Francesco;Roncada, Paola
2024-01-01

Abstract

The role of gut microbiota in health and disease is being thoroughly examined in various contexts, with a specific focus on the bacterial fraction due to its significant abundance. However, despite their lower abundance, viruses within the gut microbiota are gaining recognition for their crucial role in shaping the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota, with significant effects on the host as a whole, particularly the immune system. Similarly, environmental factors such as stress are key in modulating the host immune system, which in turn influences the composition of the gut virome and neurological functions through the bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis. In this context, alterations in the host immune system due to stress and/or dysbiosis of the gut virome are critical factors in the development of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. The molecular mechanisms and correlation patterns between microbial species are not yet fully understood. This literature review seeks to explore the interconnected relationship between stress and the gut virome, with a focus on how this interaction is influenced by the host's immune system. We also discuss how disturbances in this finely balanced system can lead to the onset and/or progression of diseases.Stress conditions can weaken the host's immune system, affecting the entire gut-brain axis. Concurrently, disruptions in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with exacerbations of diseases. This review explores the complex interplay between stress, gut virome, and the host immune system. It highlights how stress-induced immune system alterations and gut virome dysbiosis contribute to both infectious and noninfectious diseases. The article further discusses the need for more research to fully understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and microbial correlations.image
2024
gut virome
gut–brain axis
host immune system
infectious diseases
stress
system disorders
File in questo prodotto:
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12317/101960
 Attenzione

Attenzione! I dati visualizzati non sono stati sottoposti a validazione da parte dell'ateneo

Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 1
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 1
social impact